Vaccination confers artificial active immunity. (Entry of antigenic material into the body stimulates an immune response, memory cells are produce)
Types of vaccination
- Live vaccine e.g. Smallpox
The live vaccine - less harmful pathogen but with similar antigens and can still be induce active immunity - Harmless vaccine e.g. measles, TB
Harmless or attenuated version of the pathogen - Dead vaccine e.g. Cholera vaccine
the pathogen has been killed either by exposure to or chemicals - Antigens e.g. hepatitis B
Preparation of antigens from a pathogen - Toxoid vaccine e.g. tetanus
vaccine consists of harmless form of toxin produced by the pathogen
Herd vaccination
- providing immunity to almost all of the population at risk
- with enough people immune the disease cant spread
- level of immunity needed varies depending on the disease (80-85% for small pox, 95% for measles)
Ring vaccination
- used when a new case s reported
- vaccinate everyone in the immediate vicinity (house, village, or town)
No comments:
Post a Comment